International Journal of Plant Protection

B. M. Ilhe ¹, N. A. Musmade ², S. B. Kawade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agriculture Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar M.S., IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Agriculture Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar M.S.

Abstract

Basal bulb rot of onion causes considerable damage. The causal organism was isolated from infected bulbs of onion. The fungus culture was identical as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae on the basis of morphological characters. In screening, it was observed that all onion genotypes were susceptible to highly susceptible to basal bulb rot of onion but none of the genotypes was found resistant to disease. It was observed that benomyl (0.1%), carbendazim (0.1%) and Bordeaux mixture (1%) alone and in combination, treatments benomyl + mancozeb (0.1 +0.2%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (0.1 + 0.2%) inhibited 100 per cent growth of the pathogen. Among the bioagent, Trichoderma viride inhibited maximum growth and was at par with Trichoderma harzianum.

Keywords

Onion, Basal Bulb Rot, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cepae, Chemical And Biological Control

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B. M. Ilhe ¹, N. A. Musmade ², S. B. Kawade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri M.S., IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri M.S.

Abstract

Basal bulb rot of onion causes considerable damage. In recent years Fusarium basal rot of onion has assumed a serious problem and hence the studies were undertaken on this disease with the objectives viz., isolation of the causal organism, its identification, pathogenicity, morphological and cultural characters. The causal organism was isolated from infected bulbs of onion. The pathogenicity of onion basal bulb rot pathogen was proved by soil inoculation method. The fungus culture was identical as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. on the basis of morphological characters of the pathogen. Among the various cultural media used an, excellent mycelial growth and sporulation were observed on PDA, Richards agar and were followed by Czapeck's dox agar, host leaf extract, coon's agar and A. and H. medium.

Keywords

Onion, Basal Bulb Rot, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cepae

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S. A. Musmade ¹, N. A. Musmade ², S. R. Ranjale ¹, G. A. Musmade ¹

Affiliations
1 Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule M.S., IN
2 Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule M.S.

Abstract

Stalk rot of maize caused by Fusarium moniliforme is one of the most damaging diseases of maize causing enormous losses. This disease has now achieved much importance in maize growing areas of Khandesh area of Maharashtra state. Therefore, the investigations were aimed at isolation, pathogenicity, identification and study of morphological characters of the pathogen along with in vitro evaluation of fungicides for controlling growth of the pathogen. The pathogencity of the isolated Fusarium sp. was proved by sick soil method. The colonies of pathogen were circular, brilliant white, and compact with smooth margin. Macroconidia were slender, sickle shaped, pedicilate and scattered. Mostly they were septate and measured 43-46 x 3-3.5 μm. Microconidia were in chain, white in colour and measured 5-12 x 2-4μm. Copper oxychloride was found most effective in retarding growth of Fusarium moniliforme which showed 100 per cent inhibition of fungal growth over control. It was followed by carbendazim (0.1%), thiram(0.2%), and thiophanate-methyl (0.1%) which showed 86.67, 79.52 and 71.90 per cent inhibition, respectively and these treatments found significantly different to each other.

Keywords

Maize, Stalk Rot, Fusarium Moniliforme Chemical Control

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S. V. Kolase ¹, T. M. Kamble ², N. A. Musmade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M.S.)

Abstract

Use of fungicide is a common practice to control the disease. However, the detrimental effects require alternative measures to control the disease, which is the need of the time. The present investigation was carried out with isolation of the organism responsible for blossom blight to suggest suitable control measure in respect of fungicides, botanicals and bio-agent in controlling the blossom blight of mango. Under in vitro studies carbendenzim (0.1%) was beneficial for inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in botanicals, neem leaves extract at 5 per cent concentration was found to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Thus, it was observed that the use of botanicals and fungicides was useful in controlling the disease under in vitro condition.

Keywords

Mango Blossom Blight, Bioagent, Botanicals, Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

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B. G. Barhate ¹, N. A. Musmade ¹, T. A. Nikhate ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri,AHMEDNAGAR (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is most important and destructive disease of tomato in Maharashtra, which causes considerable losses in yield of tomato. Therefore, present studies were undertaken to test the efficacy of eight fungicides and six bioagents in vitro and ten varieties of tomato in green house against Fusarium wilt of tomato Among the eight fungicides, Mancozeb + Carbendazim (0.125 + 0.05 %) had completely checked the growth of pathogen which inhibited 100 per cent growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici followed by Thiram + Carbendazim (0.15 + 0.05 %), Carbendazim (0.1 %), Thiram (0.3 %), Carboxin (0.2 %), Captan (0.25 %), Propiconazole (0.2 %), Mancozeb (0.25 %) with 93.75, 92.50, 90.00, 87.50, 81.25, 67.50 and 62.50 per cent growth inhibition over control, respectively. In vitro, the antagonistic effect of four species of Trichoderma and two bacterial bioagents were tested against this pathogen. Among the four Trichoderma species tested, Trichoderma viride recorded highest growth inhibition (85.00 %) of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici followed by T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. koningii with 72.50, 70.00, 61.12 per cent growth inhibition over control, respectively and among two bacterial bioagents, Bacillus subtillis was found more effective than Pseudomonas fluorescens with 79.2 and 62.5 per cent growth inhibition over control. Among the ten varieties tested against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in greenhouse, Bhagyashree and Dhanashree were found moderately resistant to wilt of tomato having 25.00 and 30.00 per cent disease incidence followed by RII-T-2, M-1-3, M-2-2, 8-1- 5,NBC, 6-1, M-1-2 and RII-T1 with 55, 60, 60, 70, 70, 75, 80 and 85 per cent disease incidence, respectively.

Keywords

Tomato, Wilt, Fusarium oxysporum, Chemical, Biological Control, Varietal Resistance.

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B. G. Barhate ¹, N. A. Musmade ¹, J. B. Bahirat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri,AHMEDNAGAR (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The symptoms produced by the pathogen was most commonly appeared on young leaves and flower bract. Initially it shows numerous, light green to yellow spot, slightly raised appear on the upper surface of leaf. These spot become brown and necrotic with age. The maximum incidence and intensity of chrysanthemum white rust disease was observed at 25-27°C temperature and high relative humidity of 85-90 per cent in protected condition while in case of non protected condition no infection occurred due to high temperature and low humidity. The curative spray of propiconazole was most effective in controlling the CWR, followed by hexaconezole + mancozeb, tridemefon, captan + hexaconezol whereas, other fungicides viz., carbendazim, copper oxychloride, zineb were least effective against the chrysanthemum white rust. Among the 14 varieties screened under artificial epiphytotics in green house, no one was found to be resistant to white rust of chrysanthemum, while seven varieties were moderately resistant to CWR and these are PN-1 (29.33 %) PN-138 (30.33%), PN-6 (29.67 %), D-21 mix (25.00 %), New Dagger (30.00 %), D-No-9 (23.33%), and PN-16 (30.67 %), five were moderately susceptible. One was susceptible, and remaining one was highly susceptible to chrysanthemum white rust.

Keywords

Chrysanthemum, CWR, Quarantine, Climate Change, Fungicides, Varietal Screening.

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R. P. Shinde ¹, B. G. Barhate ¹, N. A. Musmade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Freshly prepared 1 per cent garlic extract and 5 per cent yeast solution were tested against Penicillium digitatum causing fruit rot (green mold ) of sweet orange both under in vitro and in vivo. 1 per cent garlic extract gives 15.7 per cent control and 5 per cent yeast gives 15 per cent control against Penicillium digitatum. Artificially inoculated fruits treated with 1 per cent G. E. were observed in good condition upto 35 days and 5 per cent yeast treated citrus fruits upto 45 days. Use of garlic extract and yeast maintains the quality of citrus fruits, prolonged the shelf-life and delayed the rottenness presence on fruits. Penicillium digitatum could grow between temperature ranges of 20°C to 45°C, however, optimum temperature was 27 ± 1°C at which growth and sporulation of the fungus was maximum.

Keywords

Citrus, Penicillium digitatum, Garlic Extract, Yeast.

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N. J. Deshmukh ¹, C. D. Deokar ¹, N. A. Musmade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most important cash crops cultivated in Maharashtra. Many biotic and abiotic factors limit the sugarcane production. Among the biotic factors fungal diseases are major constraints in reducing the yield of sugarcane. Wilt and ischolar_main rot diseases of sugarcane are major threat to sugarcane cultivation in Maharashtra. The pure culture of wilt and ischolar_main rot causing pathogen Fusarium moniliforme. and Pythium gramenicola sp. was successfully isolated from sugarcane wilt and ischolar_main rot diseases infected samples. Pathogenicity was proved by Koch postulate test was carried out in pot culture under glasshouse conditions by inoculating the soil with pathogenic culture of Fusarium moniliforme and Pythium gramenicola. In vivo management of wilt and biofertilizer and Trichoderma indicated that Fusarium moniliforme and Pythium gramenicola were found in carriers (cocopeat, vermicompost, bagasse, FYM and soil) and the bioagent Trichoderma was proved to be the best antagonists in inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Among these, cocopeat was found most superior and recorded maximum germination percentage, plant height and minimum wilt and ischolar_main rot disease incidence at 30 and 45 DAP in vivo conditions. it was observed that Blitox and Bavistin inhibited mycelial growth of test fungus at 0.2 per cent concentration and lower disease incidence. It clearly indicated that, these two fungicides are quite effective against the wilt and ischolar_main rot diseases of sugarcane nursery caused by Fusarium moniliforme and Pythium gramenicola. All the treatments of biofertilizers and Trichoderma were observed to minimize the diseases incidence.

Keywords

Wilt of Sugarcane, Rot, Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium gramenicola Biological Control, Chemicals Management.

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R. P. Shinde ¹, B. G. Barhate ¹, N. A. Musmade ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The present investigations were carried out with collection of diseased samples, isolation of the organisms responsible forpost harvest spoilage, their pathogenicity, symptomatology and morphological characters in order to suggest suitable control measures in respect of yeast as a bioagent and garlic extract as a botanical in controlling post harvest fungal diseases of mango and papaya. The causal organisms was isolated from infected fruits and recorded association of four fungal pathogens viz., Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The pathogenicity of all pathogens was proved by artificial inoculation method. The conidial size of A. niger, A. alternata, , C. gloeosporioides, and R. stolonifer measured as 4.4 μm, 42.47 x 16.37 μm, 9.50 – 18.56 x 2.68 - 6.72 μm and 125 x 294.1 μm in size (average), respectively. Use of 5 per cent yeast, (Eremothecium cymbalariae) was found effective against Aspregillus niger and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides .1 per cent garlic extract was found effective against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata, but not much effective against Alternaria alternata on papaya fruits. Both yeast and garlic extract increases shelf-life and market quality of fruits, with increase in glossiness of fruits.

Keywords

Mango, Papaya, Post Harvest, Garlic Extract, Yeast.

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